Pollution is defined as the release of any substance that can have a negative impact on humans, other organisms, or the environment. Pollutants can be naturally occurring chemicals such as nitrogen. A rapid and significant release of such a chemical throws off the balance in the environment, sometimes leaving it with an inability to adapt. Other pollutants are toxic outright, such as pesticides applied on agricultural fields and washed into water resources through runoff. Clean up measures are often costly, necessitating the development of technology that can detoxify pollutants in a cost-effective manner.
Conduct initial soil and water testing to determine the baseline data. In order for a plan to be effective, a means of measuring its progress is necessary. It can also determine next steps. Gather initial data before detoxification begins.
Determine the nature of the toxin. Factors to consider when detoxing environmental pollutants include the degree of toxicity, its persistence in the environment, and its mobility. These factors will determine the course of action and how aggressive the approach that will be needed.
Construct artificial wetlands. Constructed wetlands offer possible solutions for small scale projects. This technology relies on natural chemical and microbial processes to break down toxins, while offering an aesthetically pleasing option.
Identify the contaminants and the scope of the contamination. This step is essential for developing a solution. There can be several options for small-scale problems. Large-scale problems, on the other hand, may have limited solutions due to cost.
Develop biochemical reactors projects for large-scale treatment. Biochemical reactors use bacteria to break down pollutants, offering a low-cost and low-maintenance solution. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has documented success with such projects at abandoned mine sites.
Use natural wetlands to detoxify pollutants. Wetlands located nearby offer a possible solution for wastewater treatment. Because water flow is typically slow, toxins can be removed by sedimentation. Naturally occurring bacteria can break down toxins.
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